Gastrostomía por minilaparotomía / PERCUTANEOUS GASTROSTOMY WITHOUT LAPAROTOMY

Introducción: la cirugía percutánea constituye sin lugar a dudas la técnica de elección para la realización de la gastrostomía para alimentación enteral. No obstante sus ventajas, requiere de costosos sets y una complejidad para su realización, que no siempre tenemos al alcance en nuestro medio. Todo esto nos llevó a buscar una alternativa que fuese segura, de fácil manejo domiciliario y económicamente factible en todos los casos que se presentan en nuestro medio. Material y Método: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de 18 pacientes tratados entre 2005 y 2008 por medio de esta técnica: laparotomía mínima (3 Cm), para mediana izquierda por debajo del reborde costal identificación de la porción ascendente del estómago, colocación de una sonda Foley N° 18 y fijación del estómago a la pared durante el cierre de la laparotomía. Resultados: en los pacientes de la serie estudiada no se observaron complicaciones graves, salvo alguna dermatitis por reflujo peri tubo y un prolapso de mucosa. Se observó también un fácil manejo domiciliario y una buena aceptación por parte de los pacientes. Discusión: se trata de una técnica segura y de bajo costo, que si bien no constituye el procedimiento de primera elección, permite en medios económicamente limitados como el nuestro, la realización de una vía de alimentación enteral segura, de bajo costo y con resultados similares. Introducción: la cirugía percutánea constituye sin lugar a dudas la técnica de elección para la realización de la gastrostomía para alimentación enteral. No obstante sus ventajas, requiere de costosos sets y una complejidad para su realización, que no siempre tenemos al alcance en nuestro medio. Todo esto nos llevó a buscar una alternativa que fuese segura, de fácil manejo domiciliario y económicamente factible en todos los casos que se presentan en nuestro medio. Material y Método: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de 18 pacientes tratados entre 2005 y 2008 por medio de esta técnica: laparotomía mínima (3 Cm), para mediana izquierda por debajo del reborde costal identificación de la porción ascendente del estómago, colocación de una sonda Foley N° 18 y fijación del estómago a la pared durante el cierre de la laparotomía. Resultados: en los pacientes de la serie estudiada no se observaron complicaciones graves, salvo alguna dermatitis por reflujo peri tubo y un prolapso de mucosa. Se observó también un fácil manejo domiciliario y una buena aceptación por parte de los pacientes. Discusión: se trata de una técnica segura y de bajo costo, que si bien no constituye el procedimiento de primera elección, permite en medios económicamente limitados como el nuestro, la realización de una vía de alimentación enteral segura, de bajo costo y con resultados similares.

Introduction: Percutaneous surgery is undoubtedly the preferred technique to perform a gastrostomy for enteral feeding. Despite its advantages, it requires expensive sets and a complex procedure, which are not always available in our locations. All this led us to look for a safe alternative, easy to manage at home, and economically viable in all cases that occur in our locations. Material and Method: This is a retrospective study that includes 18 patients treated between 2005 and 2008 using the technique of minimal laparotomy (3 cm) for left median below the costal ridge, detection of the ascending portion of the stomach, placement of a Foley tube No. 18 and fixation of the stomach to the wall during the closure of the incision. Results: No serious complications were observed in the patients included in this study, except for some peri-tube reflux dermatitis and a mucous membrane prolapse. Easy home management and good patient tolerance were also observed. Discussion: Although this procedure is not the first-line treatment of choice, it is a safe and low-cost technique, which allows the placement of a safe, low-cost enteral feeding route with similar results in areas with scarce economic means like ours.

A technical note on low cost rat laparoscopy an initial experience

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a novel and adapted low-cost set model for laparoscopic surgery in rats. Methods: Nine Wistar rats underwent two different laparoscopic procedures, splenectomy (n=3) and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 6), after assembling a low-cost set replacing the conventional one (monitor, micro camera, image processor, light source, laparoscope and insufflator). The new set included an Android Tablet 10.5 ", a 5mm USB Endoscope and semiautomatic sphygmomanometer monitor. Results: The same surgeon performed the laparoscopic procedures. Total surgical time ranged from 36 to 60 minutes with a mean of 45.8 minutes. Three rats died during the distal pancreatic and splenectomy procedure (33.3%), due to respiratory failure (n = 1), uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage (n=1) and iatrogenic gastric perforation (n = 1). We followed the other six rats (66.6%) for seven days with no further evidence of complications. Conclusions: The laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy can be performed with the novel low-cost set assembled in the present experimental study. Both specific training and skills development are required to validate more advanced laparoscopic procedures and achieve a desirable outcome.

The effect on performance time and quality of the knots after mono or bimanual training of laparoscopic intracorporeal knot tying according to the gladiator rule technique / O efeito sobre o tempo de realização e a qualidade dos nós após o treinamento mono ou bimanual do nó intracorpóreo da sutura laparoscópica de acordo com a técnica da Regra do Gladiador

Abstract Objective To assesswhether themonomanual or bimanual training of laparoscopic suture followingthe sametechniquemay interferewith theknots' performancetimeand/or quality. Methods A prospective observational study involving 41 resident students of gynecology/ obstetrics and general surgery who attended a laparoscopic suture training for 2 days. The participants were divided into two groups. Group A performed the training using exclusively their dominant hand, and group B performed the training using both hands to tie the intracorporeal knot. All participants followed the same technique, called Romeo Gladiator Rule. At the end of the course, the participants were asked to perform three exercises to assess the time it took them to tie the knots, as well as the quality of the knots. Results A comparative analysis of the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.334) between them regarding the length of time to tie one knot. However, when the time to tie 10 consecutive knots was compared, group A was faster than group B (p = 0.020). A comparison of the knot loosening average, in millimeters, revealed that the knots made by group B loosened less than those made by group A, but there was no statistically significant difference regarding the number of knots that became untied. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the knots from group B showed better quality than those from group A, with lower loosening measures and more strength necessary to untie the knots. The study also demonstrated that group A was faster than B when the time to tie ten consecutive knots was compared.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se o treinamento monomanual ou bimanual de sutura laparoscópica seguindo a mesma técnica pode interferir no tempo de realização e/ou qualidade dos nós. Métodos Estudo prospectivo observacional envolvendo 41 estudantes residentes de ginecologia /obstetrícia e cirurgia geral que participaram de um treinamento de sutura laparoscópica por 2 dias. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo A realizou o treinamento usando exclusivamente amão dominante, e o grupo B realizou o treinamento usando as duas mãos para amarrar o nó intracorpóreo. Todos os participantes seguiram a mesma técnica, chamada Regra do Gladiador, descrita por Armando Romeo. No final do curso, os participantes foram convidados a realizar três exercícios para avaliar o tempo de realização e a qualidade dos nós. Resultados Uma análise comparativa dos grupos mostrou que não houve diferença estatística significativa (p = 0,334) entre eles quanto ao período de tempo para amarrar um nó. No entanto, quando o tempo para amarrar 10 nós consecutivos foi comparado, o grupo A foi mais rápido do que o grupo B (p = 0,020). A comparação da média de afrouxamento de nó, em milímetros, revelou que os nós do grupo B afrouxaram menos do que os do grupo A, mas não houve diferença estatística significativa quanto ao número de nós que desamarraram. Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou que os nós do grupo B apresentaram melhor qualidade do que os nós do grupo A, com menores medidas de afrouxamento e maior força necessária para desamarrar os nós. Também demonstrou que o grupo A foi mais rápido do que B quando o tempo para amarrar dez nós consecutivos foi comparado.

Introduction of robotic surgery for endometrial cancer into a Brazilian cancer service: a randomized trial evaluating perioperative clinical outcomes and costs

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and costs after the implementation of robotic surgery in the treatment of endometrial cancer, compared to the traditional laparoscopic approach. METHODS: In this prospective randomized study from 2015 to 2017, eighty-nine patients with endometrial carcinoma that was clinically restricted to the uterus were randomized in robotic surgery (44 cases) and traditional laparoscopic surgery (45 cases). We compared the number of retrieved lymph nodes, total time of surgery, time of each surgical step, blood loss, length of hospital stay, major and minor complications, conversion rates and costs. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged from 47 to 69 years. The median body mass index was 31.1 (21.4-54.2) in the robotic surgery arm and 31.6 (22.9-58.6) in the traditional laparoscopic arm. The median tumor sizes were 4.0 (1.5-10.0) cm and 4.0 (0.0-9.0) cm in the robotic and traditional laparoscopic surgery groups, respectively. The median total numbers of lymph nodes retrieved were 19 (3-61) and 20 (4-34) in the robotic and traditional laparoscopic surgery arms, respectively. The median total duration of the whole procedure was 319.5 (170-520) minutes in the robotic surgery arm and 248 (85-465) minutes in the traditional laparoscopic arm. Eight major complications were registered in each group. The total cost was 41% higher for robotic surgery than for traditional laparoscopic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic surgery for endometrial cancer presented equivalent perioperative morbidity to that of traditional laparoscopic surgery. The duration and total cost of robotic surgery were higher than those of traditional laparoscopic surgery.

WHITE BOX: LOW COST BOX FOR LAPAROSCOPIC TRAINING / WHITE BOX: CAIXA PARA TREINAMENTO LAPAROSCÓPICO DE BAIXO CUSTO

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is a reality in almost all surgical centers. Although with initial greater technical difficulty for surgeons, the rapid return to activities, less postoperative pain and higher quality aesthetic stimulates surgeons to evolve technically in this area. However, unlike open surgery where learning opportunities are more accessible, the laparoscopic training represents a challenge in surgeon formation.Aim:To present a low cost model for laparoscopic training box. Methods: This model is based in easily accessible materials; the equipment can be easily found based on chrome mini jet and passes rubber thread and a webcam attached to an aluminum handle. Results: It can be finalized in two days costing R$ 280,00 (US$ 90). Conclusion: It is possible to stimulate a larger number of surgeons to have self training in laparoscopy at low cost seeking to improve their surgical skills outside the operating room.

Racional:A cirurgia laparoscópica já é realidade em praticamente todos os centros cirúrgicos. Muito embora haja maior dificuldade técnica, o rápido retorno às atividades, menor dor pós-operatória e maior qualidade estética estimulam os cirurgiões a evoluírem tecnicamente nesta área. Porém, ao contrário das operações abertas onde as oportunidades de aprendizagem são mais acessíveis, o treinamento laparoscópico acaba sendo desafio ao longo da formação de um cirurgião.Objetivo:Apresentar um modelo de caixa de treinamento laparoscópico de baixo custo. Métodos:Foram utilizados materiais de fácil acesso, mini jato cromado, passa fios de borracha e uma webcam acoplada a um cabo de alumínio.Resultados:A white box foi produzida em dois dias com custo de R$ 280,00. Conclusão:É possível estimular o treinamento de maior número de cirurgiões na formação laparoscópica a baixo custo e buscar aperfeiçoamento de suas habilidades cirúrgicas fora do centro cirúrgico.

Effectiveness of a reusable low-cost balloon trocar dissection device in the creation of preperitoneal space during endoscopic surgery. An experimental study in swine

PURPOSE: To evaluate a new, low-cost, reusable balloon trocar device for dissection of the preperitoneal space during endoscopic surgery.METHODS:Twenty swine (weight: 15-37 kg) were randomized to two groups, according to whether the preperitoneal space was created with a new balloon device manufactured by Bhio-Supply (group B) or with the commercially available OMSPDB 1000(r) balloon device manufactured by Covidien (group C). Quality and size of the created preperitoneal space, identification of anatomic structures, balloon dissection time, total procedure time, balloon resistance and internal pressure after insufflation with 300 mL of ambient air, balloon-related complications, and procedure cost were assessed.RESULTS:No significant differences in dissection time, total procedure time, or size of the created preperitoneal space were found between the groups. Balloons in group B had a significantly higher internal pressure compared to balloons in group C. None of the balloons ruptured during the experiment. Three animals in group C had balloon-related peritoneal lacerations. Despite a higher individual device cost, group B had a lower procedure cost over the entire experiment.CONCLUSION:The new balloon device is not inferior to the commercially available device in terms of the safety and effectiveness for creating a preperitoneal space in swine.

Comparison beetwen open and laparoscopic radical cistectomy in a latin american reference center: perioperative and oncological results

ABSTRACTObjectives:To evaluate the differences of peri-operatory and oncological outcomes between Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy and Open Radical Cystectomy in our center.Materials and Methods:Overall, 50 patients were included in this non randomized match-pair analysis: 25 patients who had undergone Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer (Group-1) and 25 patients with similar characteristics who had undergone Open Radical Cystectomy (Group-2). The patients were operated from January 2005 to December 2012 in a single Institution.Results:Mean operative time for groups 1 and 2 were 350 and 280 minutes (p=0.03) respectively. Mean blood loss was 330 mL for group 1 and 580 mL for group 2 (p=0.04). Intraoperative transfusion rate was 0% and 36% for groups 1 and 2 respectively (p=0.005). Perioperative complication rate was similar between groups. Mean time to oral intake was 2 days for group 1 and 3 days for group 2 (p=0.08). Median hospital stay was 7 days for group 1 and 13 for group 2 (p=0.04). There were no differences in positive surgical margins and overall survival, between groups.Conclusions:In a reference center with pelvic laparoscopic expertise, Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy may be considered a safe procedure with similar complication rate of Open Radical Cystectomy. Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy is more time consuming, with reduced bleeding and transfusion rate. Hospital stay seems to be shorter. Oncologically no difference was observed in our mid-term follow-up.

Cost-effectiveness of para-aortic lymphadenectomy before chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nodal staging surgery before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer in the era of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). METHODS: A modified Markov model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of para-aortic staging surgery before definite CRT when no uptake is recorded in the para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) on PET/CT. Survival and complication rates were estimated based on the published literature. Cost data were obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Strategies were compared using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Sensitivity analyses were performed, including estimates for the performance of PET/CT, postoperative complication rate, and varying survival rates according to the radiation field. RESULTS: We compared two strategies: strategy 1, pelvic CRT for all patients; and strategy 2, nodal staging surgery followed by extended-field CRT when PALN metastasis was found and pelvic CRT otherwise. The ICER for strategy 2 compared to strategy 1 was $19,505 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Under deterministic sensitivity analyses, the model was relatively sensitive to survival reduction in patients who undergo pelvic CRT alone despite having occult PALN metastasis. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the case results, with a 91% probability of cost-effectiveness at the willingness-to-pay thresholds of $60,000/QALY. CONCLUSION: Nodal staging surgery before definite CRT may be cost-effective when PET/CT imaging shows no evidence of PALN metastasis. Prospective trials are warranted to transfer these results to guidelines.

Colostomía laparoscópica por puerto único con técnica de guante / Single port laparoscopic colostomy using the glove technique

La cirugía por puerto único con técnica de guante (glove port) es un abordaje adecuado al momento económico y tecnológico que vivimos. Entre las intervenciones susceptibles de su aplicación está la realización de colostomías. Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y resultados de los pacientes a los que se realizó colostomía por puerto único con técnica de guante, a lo largo de los años 2011 y 2012, en dos hospitales de Asturias, España. Realizamos seis colostomías sigmoideas. Cuatro pacientes presentaban enfermedad tumoral, otro caso fue por una fascitis necrosante perineal, y el sexto un paciente con enfermedad de Crohn y fístulas perianales complejas. La edad media de los pacientes, cuatro hombres y dos mujeres, fue de 54 años (rango 42-67 años). El tiempo medio de intervención fue de 42 minutos (rango 30-65 minutos). No hubo complicaciones durante la cirugía ni en el postoperatorio. En nuestro medio, el gasto en material se redujo a la mitad con respecto a otros dispositivos convencionales de puerto único. La técnica de guante representa el abordaje por puerto único más económico y mínimamente invasivo para la realización de estomas, siendo en nuestra experiencia una técnica sencilla, segura y fácilmente reproducible.

The single port surgery with glove technique is a novel process, suitable to the present day economic and technological moment .Colostomies are surgical interventions suitable to its application. We describe the surgical method and outcome of patients who underwent colostomy by single port glove technique within the years 2011 and 2012, in two hospitals in Asturias, Spain. We carried out six sigmoid colostomies. Four patients had tumoral pathology, another a perineal necrotizing fasciitis, and the sixth, a patient with Crohn's disease and complex peri-anal fistulas. The average age of the patients, four men and two women, was 54 years (range 42-67 years). The average intervention time was 42 minutes (range 30-65 minutes). There were no complications during the surgery or in the postoperative period. In our facilities material expenditure was reduced to half as regards other conventional single port devices. The glove technique represents the most economic and least invasive approach for the surgical procedure of stomas, in our experience considered a simple, safe and easily reproducible technique.

Three port laparoscopic appendectomy technique with low cost and aesthetic advantage / Técnica de apendicectomia laparoscópica com três portais de baixo custo e benefício estético

INTRODUCTION: Despite dating more than 30 years after the first laparoscopic appendectomy, ileocecal appendix resection is still performed by laparotomy in more than 90% of cases, in our country. AIM: To describe a technique for laparoscopic removal of the ileocecal appendix with three portals, at low cost and very good aesthetic appearance. TECHNIQUE: Three incisions, one umbilical and two suprapubic are made; permanent material used comprises: grasping forceps, hook, scissors, needle holders, three metal trocars and four other usual instruments, and a single strand of cotton. There is no need to use of operative extractors bags, clips, endoloops, staples or bipolar or harmonic energy instruments. Allows triangulation and instrumentation in the conventional manner. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique is safe and reproducible, easily teachable, at very low cost and can be applied in general hospitals with conventional laparoscopic equipment. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar de datar mais de 30 anos da primeira apendicectomia videolaparoscópica, a apendicectomia ainda é realizada por laparotomia em mais de 90% dos casos em nosso país. OBJETIVO: Descrever uma técnica para retirada laparoscópica do apêndice ileocecal com três portais, com muito baixo custo em insumos e de muito bom aspecto estético. TÉCNICA: São feitas três punções, uma umbilical e duas suprapúbicas; o material permanente utilizado compreende: pinça de apreensão, gancho, tesoura, porta-agulhas, três trocárteres metálicos e outros quatro instrumentos usuais, além de um único fio de algodão. Não há necessidade do uso de bolsas extratoras da peça operatória, clipes, alças, grampeadores ou instrumentos de energia especial, bipolar ou harmônica. Permite triangulação e instrumentação da forma convencional. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica proposta é segura e reprodutível, facilmente ensinada, de muito baixo custo podendo ser aplicada em hospitais gerais com equipamento laparoscópico convencional. .

Cost comparison between laparoscopic and open appendectomies in children

Laparoscopic appendectomy [LA] for children has become very popular and is routinely performed in most health care centres around the world. The cost of surgical procedures is always a concern for patients and health care providers. This study compares, the total cost of open appendectomy [OA] with LA in children who required an appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Suitable and safe cost-effective techniques were also explored to reduce the cost of these procedures. The medical records of all the children [ranging between 0 and 12 years] at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Oman, who required OA or LA from June 2009 to July 2011, were reviewed. LA were performed in 75 patients while OA were done in 34. Patients from the OA and LA groups were age- and gender-matched. The average operative time was 76 minutes for LA and 49 minutes for OA [P <0.001] while the average hospital stay was 3.14 days for LA and 2.15 days for OA [P = 0.08]. The average cost of the two procedures was Omani riyals [OMR] 534 for LA and OMR 343 for OA [P = 0.00]. The complication rate following procedures was lower in the case of LA, however this was not statistically significant [LA = 8% versus OA = 11.7%, P = 0.32]. LA are costlier procedures than OA, however they are as safe as OA, and do not increase morbidity or the duration of hospital stay

El conejo como modelo experimental de entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica pediátrica / The rabbit as an experiemntal model for training in pediatric laparoscopic surgery

La cirugía laparoscópica ofrece nuevos retos para el cirujano pediatra, de ahí la necesidad de lograr un adecuado entrenamiento antes de intervenir directamente a los pacientes. Se han diseñado distintos modelos para el entrenamiento, tanto In vitro, como In vivo. Evaluar la utilidad del conejo como modelo experimental de entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica pediátrica. Se incluyeron en el estudio 19 conejos de la especie Oryctolagus cuniculus, 16 hembras y 3 machos. Se realizaron 65 procedimientos quirúrgicos de nivel I, II y III, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 16 laparoscopias diagnósticas, 12 esterilizaciones, 12 ooforectomías, 8 apendicetomías, 10 gastrostomías, 2 rafias gástricas, 2 gastroenteroanastomosis y 3 anastomosis intestinales. El tiempo medido para realizar la laparoscopia diagnóstica incluyó la colocación y fijación de los tres trocares, así como la revisión sistemática de todos los cuadrantes de la cavidad abdominal. El tiempo del resto de los procedimientos se cronometró sin tomar en cuenta la colocación de los trocares. Los promedios de tiempo para realizar cada procedimiento quirúrgico fueron: laparoscopia diagnóstica: 29,17 min., esterilización: 4,33 min., ooforectomía: 4,47 min., apendicectomía: 22,17 min., gastrostomía: 32,10 min., rafia gástrica: 15,05 min., gastroenteroanastomosis: 49,05 min. y anastomosis intestinal: 106,67 min. Los costos del material quirúrgico, anestésico y conejos, se estimo en 160 BsF por cada animal, para un total de 3040 BsF invertidos. El conejo constituye un adecuado modelo para entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica pediátrica, ya que es posible realizar y simular un gran número de procedimientos quirúrgicos, además de ser económico y disponible

Laparoscopic surgery offers new challenges for the general surgeon and pediatric surgeon, hence the need for an adequate training before intervening patients directly. There are different models designed in vitro as well as in vivo. To evaluate the utility of the rabbit as an experimental model for pediatric laparoscopic surgery training. Nineteen rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus were included in the study, 16 females and 3 males. Sixty five surgical procedures of Level I, Level II and Level III were distributed as follows: 16 diagnostic laparoscopies, 12 surgical sterilizations, 12 oophorectomy, 8 appendectomies, 10 gastrostomies, 2 gastric sutures, 2 gastroenteroanastomosis and 3 intestinal anastomosis. The measured time to perform the diagnostic laparoscopy included the placement and trocars fixation as well as the rabbit systematic revision of all abdominal cavity quadrants, while the time for the remaining procedures was timed without considering the placement of the trocar. The average times for each surgical procedure were: diagnostic laparoscopy: 29.17 min., surgical sterilization: 4.33 min., oophorectomy: 4.47 min., appendectomy: 22.17 min., gastrostomy: 32.10 min., gastric suture: 15.05 min., gastroenteroanastomosis: 49.05 min., and intestinal anastomosis: 106.67 min. The cost of surgical material, anesthetics and rabbits, was estimated in 160 BsF per animal involved, for a total investment of 3.040 BsF. We conclude that the rabbit is an adequate model for pediatric laparoscopic surgery training because it is possible to simulate a large number of surgical procedures, besides its low costs and availability

Tratamiento laparoscópico del quiste hidatídico hepático / Laparoscopic treatment of liver hydatid cysts

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is emerging as a useful alternative for the treatment of liver hydatid cysts. Aim: To report technical data, management protocols, costs and results of laparoscopic management of liver hydatid cysts. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of 31 patients aged 5 to 73 years (17 females), with 40 cysts, operated between 2006 and 2009. All patients received albendazol for 15 days prior to surgery and for 2 months afterwards. Surgical technique consisted in the evacuation of parasite membrane, partial excision of prominent pericystic membrane and suture of biliary communications. Results: Sixty nine percent of cysts were uni-vesicular, 74 percent were unique and 68 percent were located in the right lobe. Surgical time was 80 min. Two patients were converted to open surgery and 24 percent had postoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was six days. Patients were followed for 28 months and in 4 percent the cyst relapsed. No patient died. The mean cost of laparoscopic treatment was US$ 2.107. Conclusions: Laparoscopic technique is a useful surgical alternative for the treatment of liver hydatid cysts.

El objetivo es mostrar los detalles técnicos, protocolo de manejo, costos y resultados del tratamiento laparoscópico de quiste hidatídico hepático (QHH). Se presenta un análisis prospectivo y descriptivo de una serie de 31 casos consecutivos de pacientes portadores de QHH operados entre enero de 2006 y enero de 2009, en el Hospital Regional de Coyhaique. Se incluye a todos los pacientes portadores de QHH tipo I, III, los tipo II y IV sintomáticos, menores a 5 cms según la clasificación de la OmS. Previo a la realización de la cirugía se les indicó 15 días de Albendazol y 2 meses en el post-operatorio. La técnica quirúrgica empleada consistió en la evacuación de la membrana parasitaria, resección parcial de la periquística prominente y sutura de las comunicaciones biliares. Siempre se utilizó drenaje. Los 31 pacientes presentaron 40 quistes, 17 de las cuales fueron mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 37 años. El estudio radiológico reveló que el 68,6 de ellos correspondió a quistes univesiculares, siendo únicos en el 74 por ciento, localizados principalmente en el lóbulo hepático derecho (68 por ciento). El tiempo quirúrgico alcanzó a los 79,83 minutos. Hubo dos conversiones (6,45 por ciento), la morbilidad alcanzó al 24 por ciento. La estadía promedio fue de 6 días. El período de seguimiento fue de 28 meses, con una recidiva de 3,5 por ciento. No hubo mortalidad en esta serie. El costo del tratamiento laparoscópico del QHH promedió los US 2.107. Creemos que la técnica laparoscópica, aplicada con criterio selectivo, es una alternativa útil para el tratamiento de pacientes con hidatidosis hepática, pues sus resultados son comparables a los existentes con cirugía abierta.

Costo comparativo entre abordaje abierto y laparoscópico en cirugía resectiva de colon / Comparative costs of laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery

Background: In Chile, laparoscopic surgery is not universally used for colorectal diseases due to its learning curve and high costs. However this last drawback may not be trae if all hospitalization costs are considered. Aim: To compare the costs of open and laparoscopic colonic excisión surgery. Material and Methods: Data for all elective colectomies performed during 2005 and 2006 were retrieved from hospital records. Procedures were classified as open or laparoscopic and the total costs associated to the hospital stay of each group of procedures was obtained from the accounting office of the hospital. Results: Twenty nine patients aged 31 to 88 years (16 males), were subjected to laparoscopic surgery and 39, aged 38 to 87 years (20 females), to open surgery. Seventy six percent of patients in the group of laparoscopic surgery were subjected to a left hemicolectomy and 54 percent of those in the group of open surgery, to a right hemicolectomy. Operative times were 188 +/- 14 and 174 +/- 44 min for open and laparoscopic surgery, respectively (NS). The item with higher costs for both groups was consumables, followed by hospitalization days. No differences in the total hospitalization costs were observed between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery does not have a higher economical cost than traditional open surgery.

Introducción: La cirugía laparoscópica ha tenido gran auge en los últimos años. Disminuye el trauma quirúrgico, minimizando la activación inmunológica y el catabolismo. Sin embargo, en Chile no es utilizada universalmente en patología colorectal por dos motivos: la curva de aprendizaje y el costo elevado que representa para el centro hospitalario o el paciente. Nuestra hipótesis es que la cirugía laparoscópica colorectal no es un evento más caro que la cirugía abierta, si se toma en cuenta toda la hospitalización. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el costo de la cirugía resectiva de colon laparoscópica y abierta, durante los años 2005-2006 en nuestro hospital. Métodos: De los registros del hospital y de la base de datos de cirugía colorectal se obtuvieron los datos de todas las colectomías electivas realizadas desde enero del 2005 hasta diciembre del 2006. Se constituyeron dos grupos; pacientes sometidos a cirugía laparoscópica y pacientes sometidos a cirugía tradicional abierta. Los datos económicos con respecto a cada evento, definido como colectomía electiva y su respectiva hospitalización, fueron obtenidos del registro de finanzas del hospital. Se analizó el costo comparativo con el software EPI-INFO. Resultados: Se estudiaron 68 casos operados. El procedimiento más frecuente en el grupo de cirugía laparoscópica fue la hemicolectomía izq (76 por ciento), mientras que en el grupo de cirugía abierta fue la hemicolectomía derecha (54 por ciento). No se encontró diferencia en los tiempos operatorios (188 +/- 41 minutos en cirugía abierta y 174 +/- 44 minutos en cirugía laparoscópica). Para ambos grupos, el ítem más caro es el de insumos, seguido por los días-cama. No se encontró diferencias en las cuentas totales de ambos grupos. Discusión: Los resultados presentados muestran que la cirugía laparoscópica no tiene mayor costo que la cirugía tradicional abierta. La cirugía laparoscópica es el gold-estándar en la cirugía colónica. Este ...

Current Status of Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer / 대한소화기학회지

Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer was first adopted 16 years ago. There are various limitations in performing laparoscopic surgery including the technical complexity and question of positive impact on the long-term oncologic outcome. The purpose of this review is to outline the important issues surrounding the laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer based on the most recently published articles. The laparoscopic approach provides the advantages of an illuminated and magnified view, which may be superior to open surgery. There was no significant difference on the oncologic clearance, especially its proportion of positive radial margins to the number of harvested lymph nodes. In addition, laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer was associated with earlier recovery of bowel function, need for fewer analgesics, and with a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery. Long-term oncologic outcome does not appear to be impaired by laparoscopic resection and local recurrence and disease specific survival has been reported to be similar for both laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is feasible and safe when performed by experienced surgeons. The oncologic results of many ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials are eagerly awaited.

A cost-effective technique for pure laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy

OBJECTIVE: Compare two different techniques for laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LDN), related to the operative costs and learning curve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April/2000 and October/2003, 61 patients were submitted to LDN in 2 different reference centers in kidney transplantation. At center A (CA), 11 patients were operated by a pure transperitoneal approach, using Hem-O-Lokomicron clips for the renal pedicle control and the specimens were retrieved manually, without using endobags. At center B (CB), 50 patients were also operated by a pure transperitoneal approach, but the renal pedicles were controlled with endo-GIA appliers and the specimens were retrieved using endobags. RESULTS: Operative time (231 ± 39 min vs. 179 ± 30 min; p < 0.000), warm ischemia time (5.85 ± 2.85 min vs. 3.84 ± 3.84 min; p = 0.002) and blood loss (214 ± 98 mL vs. 141 ± 82 mL; p = 0.02) were statistically better in CB, when compared to CA. Discharge time was similar in both centers. One major complication was observed in both centers, leading to an open conversion in CA (9.1 percent). One donor death occurred in CB (2 percent). Regarding the recipients, no statistical difference was observed in all parameters analyzed. There was an economy of US$1.440 in each procedure performed in CA, when compared to CB. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the learning curve, the technique adopted by CA, showed no deleterious results to the donors and recipients when compared with the CB. On the other hand, this technique was cheaper than the technique performed in the CB, representing an attractive alternative for LDN, mainly in developing centers.

Cost effectiveness of diagnostic laparoscopy in reproductive aged females suffering from non-specific acute low abdominal pain

OBJETIVO: Comparar los costos y la efectividad entre la laparoscopia temprana y el método diagnostico convencional basado en la observación clínica y paraclínica, e imágenes diagnósticas, para aclarar la causa del dolor abdominal bajo agudo no específico (DABNE), en mujeres en edad reproductiva, desde el punto de vista del tercer pagador. MÉTODOS: Población: 110 mujeres en edad reproductiva con DABNE atendidas en el Instituto Materno Infantil, hospital de referencia de atención materno perinatal ubicado en Bogotá, Colombia; Diseño: Estudio costo efectividad realizado sobre un Experimento clínico controlado realizado entre 1998 y 1999; Se evaluaron: la efectividad, costos médicos directos (en pesos colombianos y su equivalente en dólares americanos -USD-, a diciembre de 2004) dados por estancia hospitalaria, procedimientos diagnósticos realizados, visitas médicas, y manejo de las complicaciones. Se determinó la razón incremental de costo-efectividad, y se hizo análisis de sensibilidad en cinco escenarios diferentes. RESULTADOS: La laparoscopia diagnóstica temprana es mas costo efectiva en cuatro de cinco escenarios posibles. Por cada unidad de efectividad incrementada se produce un ahorro que varía entre $21 875 y $69 834 (USD 9,42 y USD 30,1). CONCLUSIÓN: La laparoscopia diagnóstica temprana es costo efectiva en 4 de 5 escenarios en el manejo del DABNE en mujeres en edad reproductiva.

Is it worthy to perform appendectomy laparoscopically: clinical outcome and interleukin response

Laparoscopic appendicectomy [LA] was found to be as .safe as open appendicectomy [OA]. However, LA was also found to have higher cost than OA, Surgical injury and sepsis are known factors which stimulate the production and the release of a variety of cytokines that reflect the degree of stress, The aim of the present study was to find out if LA is less invasive than OA in terms of clinical outcome and interleukin response. Thirty patients clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis were prospectively studied. Eight cases proved to have another pathology were excluded from the immunological study The two groups with proved acute appendicitis are: Group I [12 patients] operated upon by open approach and group II[10 patients] operated upon laparoscopically Assays for IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-15 were performed by highly .sensitive in-house protocols assorted developed and standardized in our lab. The results showed an increase in IL-1 beta from preoperative level to a higher 2 hours level, thereafter the value declined. The values are higher in open surgery than in laparoscopic operations' although the difference did not reach statistical significance. IL-4 showed a decrease in open surgery and rather stable results in laparoscopic operations. IL-15 showed a blunted decrease to the lowest detectable level of the assay of 2pg/ml. Patients in groups II had shorter hospital stay, earlier return to activities and less wound infection. Laparoscopy allowed easier exploration and dealing with detected pathology. Based on the results of the present study, the laparoscopic technique is less stressfull. However it remains more expensive and needs more expertise. Moreover, it offers an extra value in doubtful diagnosis as it allows better abdominal exploration

Hernioplastía laparoscópica: una propuesta terapéutica para la hernia inguinal recidivante y la hernia inguinal bilateral / Laparoscopic hernioplasty: a therapeutic proposal for the recurrent inguinal hernia and the bilateral inguinal hernia

Los pacientes portadores de Hernia lnguinal Recurrente (HIR) y Hernia lnguinal Bilateral (HIB), constituyen dos grupos de alto riesgo de re-recidiva cuando son reparados con técnicas tradicionales. La reparación por vía laparoscópica con técnica Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) se ha ido consolidando como segura y efectiva. Se presenta la experiencia acumulada en 28 pacientes (40 reparaciones) operados por el autor con dicha técnica. Todos varones cuyo promedio de edad fue de 52 (30-82) años. Con HIR 1 0, con HIB 17 y un caso de hernia unilateral primaria asociado a colelitiasis. La hospitalización postoperatoria alcanzó a 1,1 (1-3) días. Morbilidad menor alcanzó al 22,5 por ciento. No hubo conversión ni mortalidad. Todos los pacientes tuvieron una breve estadía hospitalaria, mínimo disconfort y dolor postoperatorio y rápido reintegro laboral. No ha habido recidivas hasta el cierre de la serie, que alcanza a 14,2 (1-27) meses de seguimiento. Sus resultados se comparan favorablemente con técnicas similares tradicionales. Se propone utilizar esta técnica rutinariamente en este tipo de pacientes